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Binge Eating Disorder in Teens: What Is It?

Teen girl looking distressed near scale and tape measure, representing binge eating disorder in teens.

Teen binge eating disorder (BED) is one of the many mental health conditions teenagers face. It is marked by recurring episodes of compulsively eating vast amounts of food within a short duration. Every episode is accompanied by emotional distress, a sense of loss of control, and overwhelming feelings of guilt or shame. Binge eating disorder in teens may be more challenging to detect as it lacks compensatory behaviors like bulimia nervosa

At Nexus Teen Academy, we are dedicated to helping teenagers overcome compulsive behavior and mental health issues. We offer tailored assessments, treatment, support, and insights. If you are looking for help for your teen, contact our admissions team today.

Understanding Binge Eating Disorder in Teens

Binge Eating Disorder in Teens

To understand binge eating disorder in teens, we should look at its DSM-5 definition and the surrounding characteristics. Below is the clinical definition of binge eating disorder and its prevalence as an eating disorder in teen girls and teen boys. 

Clinical Definition of Binge Eating Disorder 

The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders recognizes and classifies binge eating disorder. Here are the key criteria: 

  • It is marked by recurrent binge eating episodes. During episodes, teenagers consume comparatively larger food quantities than many can consume in the same period under similar circumstances. 
  • Teens experience a sense of lack of control over their food consumption during episodes. 
  • On average, binge eating happens at least once weekly for three months. 

Binge eating episodes are associated with at least three of the following:

  • Much more rapid eating than usual. 
  • Eating until feeling uncomfortably full. 
  • Eating alone due to embarrassment. 
  • Consuming large amounts of food when not physically active. 
  • Feeling disgusted with oneself, depressed, or very guilty afterward.

How Common is Binge Eating Disorder In Teens? 

According to estimates, binge eating disorder affects roughly 1.6% of teens aged 13 to 18. An even larger percentage of teens experience episodes of binge or loss-of-control eating, but at less frequent rates than those of binge eating disorder.

 Overall, it is the most common eating disorder among teens in the United States. While the condition affects both genders, studies have shown that it’s more common in girls than boys. It often co-exists with other mental health disorders, including teen anxiety, depression, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 

Common Causes of Binge Eating Disorder in Teens

Binge eating disorder may arise from a teenager’s psychology, biology, or environment. Here are the psychological, emotional, social, environmental, and biological causes of teen binge eating disorder:

Psychological and Emotional Factors 

Extreme psychological distress may cause or fuel binge eating disorder in teens as follows:

  • Perfectionism, low self-worth, and internalized negative beliefs may upset a teenager’s eating patterns. 
  • Teens may turn to food to cope with unresolved grief, trauma, body shaming, bullying, and chronic stress. 
  • Teens with untreated or undiagnosed mood disorders like teen depression and anxiety may binge eat for temporary relief, creating a destructive behavioral cycle. 

Social and Environmental Factors

The following social and environmental influences may be responsible for teen binge eating disorder:

  • Peer influence: Peer norms, especially around appearance, diet culture, and popularity, may trigger, fuel, or influence teen binge eating disorder. 
  • Family dynamics: Disordered eating is common in homes where food is used for comfort, control, or conflict. 
  • Media exposure: Media and social platforms often paint thin body frames as ideal while propagating stigma around weight. This can lead to body dissatisfaction, compulsive dieting, and ultimately, binge behavior. 

Biological and Genetic Influences

The following biological and genetic factors may trigger teen binge eating disorder:

  • Genetic predisposition: Teens with a family history of eating or mood disorders are usually more vulnerable to binge eating disorder. 
  • Hormonal changes: Puberty-related hormonal fluctuations can impact a teenager’s hunger and safety cues, affecting their appetite regulation. 
  • Neurobiology: Neurobiological differences in brain regions responsible for impulse control, reward, and emotional regulation may predispose a teenager to binge eating disorder. 

Teens with co-existing neurodevelopmental conditions like teen attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may also be at a greater risk of the condition.

Signs and Symptoms of Binge Eating Disorder in Teens

Teen binge eating disorder can manifest behaviorally, emotionally, and physically. Below are the behavioral, emotional, and physical signs of binge eating disorder in teens: 

Behavioral Signs

Common behaviors among teens with binge eating disorder include:

  • Unusually excessive food consumption within a short, discrete period. 
  • Rapidly eating during binge episodes. 
  • Dieting frequently without losing weight. 
  • Consuming food until uncomfortably full. 
  • Evading questions or discussions related to weight and eating. 
  • Overspending on food or shoplifting food items
  • Unexplained food disappearance. 
  • Eating alone or in hiding due to embarrassment. 
  • Social withdrawal 

Teens with extreme binge eating disorder may also self-harm, use substances, or attempt suicide.

Physical Signs

Teen binge eating disorder may cause physical changes in teens. Look out for the following:

  • Change in body weight.
  • Sleep disturbances 
  • Bodily fatigue
  • Gastrointestinal complaints 
  • Cardiovascular issues

Common gastrointestinal issues associated with binge eating disorder include constipation, feeling bloated, and food intolerance. 

Emotional Signs

Binge eating disorder often affects a teenager’s emotional well-being. Below are common psychological indicators:

  • Preoccupation with food, eating, weight, or body shape
  • Feelings of shame, self-loathing, or guilt, especially after binge eating episodes
  • Mood swings/ irritability
  • Self-worth issues (caused by a distorted body image)
  • Feeling extremely sad or anxious following a binge eating episode. 

Potential Consequences if Teen Binge Eating is Left Untreated

Teen binge eating disorder should be promptly addressed. Continuously monitor the signs above and intervene swiftly for improved treatment and recovery outcomes. Remember, if left untreated, the condition may trigger physical health complications or affect the teenager emotionally and mentally, as explained below.

Physical Health Complications 

Failing to treat teen binge eating disorder (or treating it late) puts teenagers at increased risk of Type 2 Diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, and obesity. 

Emotional and Mental Health Impacts 

Chronic or untreated binge eating disorder can make teens vulnerable to depression, social isolation, anxiety disorders, or reduced self-worth. Unfortunately, such outcomes may worsen the teenager’s situation, leading to a vicious cycle.

Diagnosing Binge Eating Disorder in Teens

As mentioned above, early intervention is crucial for effective binge eating disorder treatment and management. Parents should know when to obtain professional support and what diagnostic procedures and treatment specialists follow.

When to Ask For Professional Help 

The following situations and experiences warrant professional evaluation and support for teen binge eating disorder:

  • Persistent binge eating disorder symptoms, such as frequent binge eating episodes. 
  • Signs of significant eating-related emotional distress. 
  • Significant weight or mood changes. 
  • Self-harm behaviors or suicidal ideation. 

Your teenager needs quick professional intervention if their binge eating disorder impairs their daily functioning or exposes them or others to significant harm. 

Diagnostic Procedures

Treatment professionals use the following procedures and techniques to diagnose teen binge eating disorder:

  • Psychological assessment: This is done through structured interviews and behavioral questionnaires. 
  • Nutritional review: Treatment professionals or nutritionists conduct a nutritional review to understand the teenager’s eating patterns. 
  • Physical examination: Doctors and physicians often conduct a physical exam to rule out other health conditions.

At Nexus Teen Academy, we obtain input from family members to identify behavioral changes. We also screen for co-occurring disorders like depression, ADHD, and anxiety for comprehensive treatment planning.

Effective Treatment Options for Teens with Binge Eating Disorder

Effective Treatment Options for Teens with Binge Eating Disorder

Professionals treating teen binge eating disorder should administer psychological therapies, nutritional counselling, medication, and other supportive interventions for all-around treatment and recovery.. Below is a brief exploration:

Psychological Treatments 

Standard psychological therapies used in teen binge eating disorder treatment include Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT). 

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

CBT for teens is the standard treatment for teen binge eating disorder. It helps teens: 

  • Identify and challenge negative thought patterns related to food and body image. 
  • Establish mindful, structured eating habits. 
  • Develop the right coping skills for managing emotional triggers

Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)

DBT for teens can also be quite effective when treating binge eating disorder, especially when emotional dysregulation is present. It focuses on the following:

  • Interpersonal effectiveness
  • Emotional validation and acceptance
  • Distress tolerance and emotional regulation

The techniques above should be tailored to the teenager’s needs, preferences, and goals. 

Nutritional Counseling

Nutritional counselling is an effective treatment option for teen binge eating disorder, besides psychotherapy. Teen mental health treatment centers like Nexus Teen Academy have registered dietitians who:

  • Help teenagers build balanced and flexible meal plans. 
  • Help teens adopt intuitive eating practices and rebuild trust with food. 
  • Challenge restrictive food rules and harmful diet-related myths and misconceptions. 
  • Educate teens about hunger and fullness cues. 

Medication and Other Supportive Treatments 

Anti-epileptic medications and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may be used alongside nutritional counselling or psychotherapy during teen binge eating disorder treatment. Depending on the teenager’s needs and condition severity, they can help stabilize their moods and reduce eating frequency. 

Treatment professionals may also use family-based therapy or support groups to reinforce healthy behaviors and promote lasting recovery.

Supporting Teens with Binge Eating at Home

You play a significant role in your teenager’s diagnosis, treatment, and recovery. Make the home a conducive environment as they strive to overcome the condition. To support them adequately, create a safe emotional environment, and spearhead healthy lifestyle changes. 

Creating a Safe Emotional Environment 

To create a safe emotional environment for teenagers with binge eating disorder: 

  • Refrain from commenting about their weight or appearance. Instead, focus on their health and feelings. 
  • Create room for non-judgmental conversations regarding emotions, foods, or body image. 
  • Listen actively to their concerns without offering immediate solutions. 

Healthy Lifestyle Changes at Home 

Incorporating positive life changes can help your teenager overcome emotional distress. Here are a few great recommendations:

  • Establish consistency and emotional security through regular family meals. 
  • Do not use food as punishment or reward. 
  • Encourage them to adopt physical activity as a form of self-care. Do not use it as punishment. 
  • Celebrate diversity and individuality to promote body positivity. 

How Nexus Teen Academy Supports Teens Overcoming Binge Eating Disorders 

Disordered eating conditions like Binge Eating Disorder can severely affect teenagers’ well-being. At our teen male and teen female treatment centers, we understand the triggers of binge eating and the challenges that affected teens and their families face. As a result, we have specialized programs that support adolescents struggling with the condition. Our compassionate team of specialists is dedicated to creating a nurturing treatment environment. 

Whether you are looking for treatment for eating disorders in teen boys or girls, we use a multidisciplinary approach to address the unique needs of every teenager. It comprises tailored interventions, such as nutritional counseling, behavioral therapy, and group support. Contact us for professional assessment, treatment, and management of teen Binge Eating Disorder.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Your teenager may be struggling with BED if they have frequent episodes of abnormal food consumption followed by significant distress. They experience a sense of loss of control during such episodes. 

Binge Eating Disorder can have severe emotional effects on teenagers. These include feelings of shame, guilt, depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. 

Yes. Both BED and bulimia have binge eating episodes. However, unlike bulimia, binge eating disorder does not cause compensatory behaviors like purging. 

Social media may not directly trigger Binge Eating Disorder (BED) in teens. However, the idealized body images and diet culture seen in most platforms may cause teenagers to be dissatisfied with their bodies, leading to disordered eating patterns. 

Approach your teenager empathetically and without judging them if you suspect they have BED. Listen actively, gently express your concern, and encourage them to find help. 

Medication may benefit some teens, especially those with co-occurring disorders. However, it is often used alongside therapy and lifestyle modification. 

author avatar
Executive Director Hannah Carr, LPC and nexus_admin